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Cutting Edge: B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Signalingon NKT Cells Inhibits Cytokine Release and Tissue Injuryin Early Immune Responses

Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637

The role of coinhibition in an immune response is thought to be critical for the contraction of an adaptive immune response in its waning phases. We present evidence that B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) coinhibitory signaling is required to temper early inflammation. Using an in vivo Con A challenge model of acute hepatitis, we observed reduced survival and increased early serum cytokine secretion in BTLA^–/– mice as compared with wild-type mice. In vitro, liver mononuclear cells from BTLA^–/– mice are hyperresponsive to anti-CD3, Con A, and -galactosylceramide stimulation and secrete higher levels of TNF-, IFN-, IL-2, and IL-4. We found this was in part due to negative regulation of NKT cells by BTLA, as early cytokine inhibition from whole liver mononuclear cells or purified NKT cells depends upon BTLA signaling. Overall, our data demonstrate that coinhibition is active in early immune responses through BTLA regulation of NKT cells.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Prof. Yang-Xin Fu, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3083, Chicago, IL 60637. E-mail address: yfu{at}uchicago.edu.