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The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 2085-2094.
Copyright © 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists

CD11b+/Gr-1+ Myeloid Suppressor Cells Cause T Cell Dysfunction after Traumatic Stress1

Valeriya P. Makarenkova*, Vishal Bansal*, Benjamin M. Matta*, Lori Ann Perez{dagger} and Juan B. Ochoa2,*

* Department of Surgery and {dagger} Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

T cell dysfunction that occurs after surgery or trauma is associated with a poor clinical outcome. We describe that myeloid suppressor cells expressing CD11b+/Gr-1+ markers invade the spleen after traumatic stress and suppress T cell function through the production of arginase 1. We created a consistent model of traumatic stress in C57BL/6 mice to perform this work. A significant number of CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells expressing arginase 1 accumulated in T cell zones around the germinal centers of the white pulp of the spleen within 6 h of trauma and lasted for at least 72 h. Increased arginase activity and arginase 1 expression, along with increased [3H]arginine uptake, L-arginine depletion, and L-ornithine accumulation in the culture medium, were observed exclusively in CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells after traumatic stress. Flow cytometry revealed CD11b+/Gr-1+ as a heterogeneous myeloid suppressor cell also expressing low levels of MHC class I and II, CD80, CD86, CD31, and others. When compared with controls, trauma-induced CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells significantly inhibited CD3/CD28-mediated T cell proliferation, TCR {zeta}-chain expression, and IL-2 production. The suppressive effects by trauma CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells were overcome with the arginase antagonist N-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine or extrasupplementation of medium with L-arginine. Poor Ag-presenting capacity of control and trauma-induced CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells was detected in allogeneic murine leukocyte reaction. This study demonstrates that CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells invade the spleen following traumatic stress and cause T cell dysfunction by an arginase-mediated mechanism, probably that of arginine depletion. Understanding the mechanism of immune suppression by these cells has important clinical implications in the treatment of immune dysfunction after trauma or surgery.




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