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Longitudinal Analysis of the Acute Sendai Virus-Specific CD4⁺ T Cell Response and Memory¹

Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105

The development and persistence of Sendai virus-specific CD4⁺ T cell memory has been analyzed following respiratory infection of C57BL/6J mice by determining the prevalence of IL-2-producing Th cell precursors (Thp). Frequencies as high as 1:40 virus-specific CD4⁺ T cells were found in the regional lymph nodes and spleen during the acute phase of the host response and persisted at levels 1:500 for 2 to 3 mo. Thereafter, these CD4⁺ T cells tended to distribute more to the spleen than to the lymph nodes, a pattern that persisted for the life of the animals. From 3 to 12 mo after infection, virus-specific Thp were always detectable, although the numbers were diminished relative to those measured during the acute phase. Thereafter, however, in both contemporary and cumulative assays, there was a progressive increase in both the frequency and number of Thp. These increases were especially apparent for mice more than 2 years of age. This may reflect enrichment of the CD4⁺CD44^high memory set due to the gradual diminution of the naive CD4⁺CD62L^highCD44^low component. Analysis of DNA staining profiles for the CD4⁺ T cells showed high levels of cycling for the acute phase of the response, whereas the rate of T cell turnover measured for the CD4⁺CD44^high population by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation indicated a pattern of stable, continuing proliferation throughout life. Virus-specific CD4⁺ T cell memory resulting from a single exposure to a readily eliminated RNA virus is thus maintained indefinitely in laboratory mice.

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